Spring material selection, should according to the features of spring bear the load, stress condition and stress size, operating temperature, the natural environment, material, use, the electrical conductivity of the magnetic absorption rules, using performance, material comes from elements such as clear and spring price.
Spring factory is introduced in the cross section appearance of clear material and specification, should give preference to choose * industry standards and ministerial standard required by the series of product specifications, to minimize the use of non-standard series product specifications of the material.
Medium and small and medium-sized spring, very is a spiral spring rashin, should give preference to solve with through strengthening steel wire, lead bath temperature, such as wire and oil tempered steel wire heat treatment, with higher compressive strength and good process performance, fatigue properties is higher than generally tempered steel wire heat treatment, simple production and processing, processing performance is good, stable quality.
Carbon spring steel wire and the wire did a lot of the remaining stress after cold drawn, production and processing after spring, have a lot of the remaining stress and tempering after the specification change is very big, can't control precision.
Oil tempered steel wire heat treatment is in the steel wire in wire drawing after the requirement specifications to carry out the deployment of strengthening solution, most have no remaining stress, forming the cryogenic tempering after spring, the specification change is not big, high temperature resistant good reliability in cold drawn steel wire.
Big small and medium-sized spring, in view of the load stress of high precision and should choose cold drawn material or polished stainless steel plate after cold drawn.
According to the low precision and load stress of spring, can choose hot rolled stainless steel sheet.
Thick steel plate spring generally choose si2mn 55, 60 si2mna, 55 simnmov simnvb, 55, 60 CRMN, 60 CRMNB models of galvanized flat steel, etc.
Spiral spring material cross section, should give preference to choose circular cross section.
Square and rectangular cross section material box, tolerance is stronger, good impact resistance properties, and can make the spring practical, but less material comes from.
And the price is higher, in addition to the unique must, generally do not choose this kind of material as soon as possible.
In recent years, research and development with round wire flattening instead ladder shaped wire, obtained the very good practical effect.
Work under high temperature in the spring material, regulation has good heat resistance, resistance to compressive strength relaxation or stress relaxation ability, oxidation resistance, erosion resistance to certain material.
Spring operating temperature rise, elastic mould material is reduced, which reduces the bending rigidity and bearing capacity.
Thus, working under high temperature in the spring must master the elastic mould of rate of change (
Value)
To measure the spring bearing capacity to reduce the harm to performance index.
According to GB1239 requirements, general spiral spring when operating temperature above 60 ℃, solve the shear modulus to carry out the adjustment, its formula is: the Gt = KtG type of G -
—
Normal state of elastic mould;
Gt—
—
Operating temperature t shear modulus;
Kt—
—
Temperature correction factor according to table 2 -
98 choices.
Under cryogenic application of spring material, should have good temperature ductility.
Carbon spring steel wire, piano wire and 1 cr18ni9 austenitic stainless steel
stainless steel spring wire, copper alloy, nickel base alloy has good temperature ductility and compressive strength.
Under ultra-low temperature, and the ductility of the material of surface defect is very sensitive, thus, on the material performance should be strict management.
Under the ultra-low temperature, natural environment material on the material erosion level than under the greenhouses, and cadmium plating and hot galvanizing is easy to cause cold short.
Under ultra-low temperature, elastic mould and thermal expansion coefficient of change is not big, can not consider in the design.
Spring spring steel making, intensity (
The compressive strength)
The selection should be based on spring load characteristic and the stress size and decide.
However, enormous strength height associated with plan resilience impact toughness.
With the strength of ascension, the floor plan resilience impact toughness (
断裂韧性)
Value is significantly reduced.
In other words in a clear spring strength strength value, should be guided in regulations under the premise of considering spring characteristics, the strength of the spring value slightly lower.
Spring material, should pay attention to the cutting of the stainless steel plate performance.
Spring material cross section is the level of the hardening and hardening, for spring quality association.
With spring itself as electric conductor household appliances spring or under the standard of environmental humidity change uncertainty, softness and (
Contains the sea)
Spring, water environment, generally choose copper and gold material.
In acids touch the spring of his work under the erosion of material, usually choose stainless steel acid corrosion resistant materials such as steel or nickel base alloy.
In general use of spring under the natural environment material standard, choose general spring steel, made after the spring in its surface rust proofing coating or plating process (
Hot dip galvanized, cadmium plating, barrel plating)
The
corrosion.
Application of the spring in the weighing apparatus and electronic dashboard, in order to consider the dangers of its precision was not influenced by temperature change, elastic mould and thermal expansion coefficient is generally selected very small constant ductility aluminum alloy.
In the regulation of lightweight, * edge layer, crash-proof, rust prevention and other unique main use of the spring, can choose elastomer material.
At present, more available plastic spring, is made of epoxy resin adhesive, urea-formaldehyde resin as routine, thermosetting elastomers GFRP materials with glass fiber and improve.
Also can choose shockproof rubber manufacturing various types of vulcanized rubber spring.
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